====== BTMS - Battery Monitoring System ======

BTMS is a battery monitoring system for larger UPS systems. Enables:
  * cell status monitoring
  * equalization of cell load within the string
  * switching off strings where an error is detected on at least one cell

===== Dictionary of terms and abbreviations =====


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^ BTMS     | Batery Monitoring System              | Battery monitoring system for larger UPS systems.                                                                                                                                                           |
^ battery  | -                                     | Lead-acid rechargeable battery stores electricity to operate the UPS during a power outage.                                                                                                                 |
^ cell     | -                                     | Basic battery building. A battery usually consists of several cells connected in series.                                                                                                                    |
^ string   | -                                     | Multiple batteries connected in series.                                                                                                                                                                     |
^ UPS      | Uninterruptible Power Supply          | A device that provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level.                                                                                            |
^ BM-AG    | BTMS Aggregator                       | When several BM-GW's are needed at the Datacenter, aggregate all BM-GW and provide site functionality + Cloud connectivity and alarming.'                                                                   |
^ BM-GW    | BTMS Gateway                          | Visualization (browser) of batteries and installed systems connected to the GW logically grouped into strings and UPS's in real time and their historical data. Alarming, Cloud connectivity                |
^ SCADA    | 3rd party SCADA                       | Any SCADA that accesses battery, stringig and/or UPS data via Modbus TCP/IP protocol.                                                                                                                       |
^ PC web   | PC with WEB Browser                   | Viewing the user interface from BM-AG or BM-GW via any web browser.                                                                                                                                         |
^ BM-MC    | BTMS Master Controller                | It allows the connection of BM-TH sensors and configurable digital inputs for monitoring additional alarm signals and outputs for alarming or switching off strings where an error occurs.                  |
^ BM-HMI   | BTMS Human-Machine Interface          | Local display of the state of the batteries inside the UPS, string and by battery.                                                                                                                          |
^ CAD      | BTMS HMI interface                    | Communication interface for connecting BM-HMI to BM-CS                                                                                                                                                      |
^ BM-LC    | BTMS IO Module                        | Expansion for MC with additional digital inputs and outputs.                                                                                                                                                |
^ BM-TH    | BTMS Temperature and Humidity sensor  | Ambient temperature and relative humidity sensor.                                                                                                                                                           |
^ BM-GS    | BTMS Insulation monitoring sensor     | String insulation resistance monitoring                                                                                                                                                                     |
^ BM-SS    | BTMS String Master                    | It monitors the string (string current), aggregates battery data (total string voltage, average SOC, Balance) and enables monitoring of data from BM-CSs.                                                   |
^ BM-HS    | BTMS Hall Sensor                      | It measures the string current                                                                                                                                                                              |
^ BM-CS    | BTMS Cell / Battery Sensor            | Control of each individual battery / cell. It allows monitoring the status, voltage, internal resistance, temperature of the cell and calculates SOC and SOH.                                               |
^ SOC      | State Of Charge                       | Calculated battery charge; it is calculated from the actual voltage on the battery and by integrating the charge and discharge current.                                                                     |
^ SOH      | State Of Health                       | Informative battery state calculation that takes into account internal resistance, battery temperature, rise/fall of voltage during charge/discharge and other parameters that affect battery performance.  |
^ Balance  | Voltage balance within string         | Calculation of voltage inequality on the batteries within the string. Battery sensors can actively equalize the voltage between the batteries within the string during the floating charge phase.           |

===== System diagram =====

{{:wiki:01_btms:sch.svg|}}
===== Wiring diagram =====

{{:wiki:01_btms:sch_v4.png?direct|}}


===== Detailed Wiring diagram =====

{{ wiki:01_btms:00_hw:wiring_diagram_bm-ca-36_20240620.pdf |  Detailed Wiring diagram }}